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Understanding Air Pollution with 24-Hour PM10 Sampling and Analysis

PM10 Sampling and Determination (24 Hours)

Understanding Air Pollution with 24-Hour PM10 Sampling and Analysis

What is PM10?

PM10 is a type of particulate matter found in the atmosphere and refers to dust particles with a particle size of 10 micrometers (µm) or smaller. These particles can come from natural sources (e.g. volcanic eruptions, forest fires) and human activities (e.g. industrial activities, traffic). PM10 are fine dust particles that enter the respiratory system and have direct health impacts. In particular, these small particles, which can be inhaled by the lungs, can lead to various respiratory diseases and chronic illnesses.

Why is 24-Hour PM10 Sampling and Analysis Important?

Regular monitoring of PM10 concentrations is important for assessing air quality and developing environmental policies. The 24-hour sampling method is used to determine daily particulate matter concentrations so that the impact of various pollution sources can be monitored throughout the day. High levels of PM10 are associated with traffic density, construction activities and other human activities, especially in cities and industrial areas. Inhalation of these particles can lead to health problems such as respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.

Methods and Analysis Process

The 24-hour PM10 sampling and analysis process includes the following steps for accurate and precise determination of particulate matter concentrations:

  1. Sampling: Air samples are collected using PM10 sampling devices. These devices allow particles to be collected from the air onto a filter. Air sampling usually continues for one full day (24 hours). This process represents pollution sources throughout the day. Active or passive sampling techniques can be used. Active samplers sample by pumping air at a specific rate, while passive samplers use natural airflow.
  2. Filtering and Separation: The collected air sample is passed through a filter and the PM10 particles settle on it. During the filtration process, other components in the sample are removed and only PM10 particles are retained in the filter.
  3. Extraction: After filtration, the particles are extracted by dissolving them. This is done in the laboratory using solvents. The extracted sample is ready for chemical analysis.
  4. Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Techniques such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are used to analyze the chemical components in PM10 samples. This method allows the identification and quantification of organic components in PM10. Characterization of chemical constituents can help in understanding the source of particulate matter pollution.
  5. Calibration and Quality Control: Analysis results are validated using calibration standards and quality control materials. This ensures reliability of results and accurate analysis.


Related Regulations and Standards

PM10 concentrations are monitored in accordance with air quality regulation and environmental regulations. In Turkey, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization's “Air Quality Management Regulation” and the European Union's air quality directives set specific limits for PM10. These regulations are designed to monitor particulate matter concentrations in specific regions and to prevent exceeding these limits.

Particles according to their size:

  • Particles ranging from <0.1 to 50 μ are called Total Suspended Particles (TSP).
  • Particles larger than 50 μ tend to settle out of the air.
  • Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μ and smaller is considered respirable.

Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μ and smaller is referred to as PM10.

Nanolab Laboratories Group continues to provide services within the scope of PM10 Sampling and Analysis. We also provide services in Emission - Imission Measurements.

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